Rhetorical Analysis Ap

Rhetorical Analysis Essay: 2008 AP Question 2 John M. Barry argues that scientists need to embrace uncertainty within the passage; he asserts that they need the courage and will to overcome the intimidating uncertainty of exploring new fields. With an honest and clear tone Barry highlights the divide between certainty and uncertainty in the passage, discussing the importance of â€Å"pioneers†, individuals who are willing to adventure into the unexplored to further their researches.Courage and wit are indeed two crucial factors for the biologists, chemists, and engineers of today to further develop science; it is important to â€Å"probe† the unknown in order to search for answers, and it is important to embrace failure instead of fearing it, for mistakes and faults help in perfecting research techniques. In The Great Influenza, Barry employs extended metaphor, repetition, and juxtaposition to deliver his message on the need for scientists to explore the unknown.Extended metaphor is used to highlight the intimidation brought from exploring undiscovered aspects of science, furthering her argument that researchers require courage. Barry claims that â€Å"real scientists† are â€Å"on the frontier† and must therefore â€Å"deal with the unknown† and develop â€Å"tools and techniques needed to clear the wilderness†.He describes the harshness and fear-inspiring nature of conducting foreign and novel experiments by comparing it to a â€Å"frontier†, describing it as the â€Å"unknown† and the â€Å"wilderness†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"frontier† connotes a barren landscape, insinuating the vast and unexplored characteristic of performing ambitious researches, and â€Å"unknown† and â€Å"wilderness† imply fear and intimidation, deterring scientists away from furthering their hypothesis. In doing this Barry emphasizes that courage is a crucial requirement for scientists to have in developing science.Furthermore, Barry mentions â₠¬Å"shovel†, â€Å"pick†, and â€Å"dynamite† as examples of â€Å"tools one needs†. All of the utilities are used for grating and arduous purposes, which furthers the idea that scientists â€Å"must create . . . everything†; scientists must work diligently and face the challenges they are given with perseverance; to execute successful experiments one must preserver in the face of failure by utilizing whatever means of tools that is available, and by connecting this to the â€Å"wilderness† and â€Å"frontier† at the beginning, Barry suggests that scientists might be afraid of this ailure and onerous work. The extended metaphor portrayed the larger idea that scientists must be courageous in dealing with unexplored areas and topics.Repetition was used to enforce the precarious nature of exploring new areas, insinuating that doing so required a strong mentality by researchers. Barry contends that even a â€Å"single laboratory findingâ⠂¬  can destroy a seemingly monumental belief, saying that it â€Å"can also take one off a cliff†, while arguing that it is also beneficial in that it â€Å"can take them through the looking glass into a world that seems entirely different . . crystal to precipitate an order†. In repeating â€Å"single† and describing many effects that can arise from it, Barry reasons that even a small, isolated finding can destroy a monumental belief that had been upheld for a long time, and that scientists must readily acknowledge this. He also repeats the notion of fragility in using â€Å"sharp edge†, â€Å"glass†, and â€Å"crystal†, implying that new experiments are delicately balanced; he contends that such a brittle nature by intimidate scientists.Barry introduces obstacles that must be overcome by scientists not only through a smart mind, but also through a daring heart. By juxtaposing the two mentalities of following a pre-established road and pi oneering a new one, Barry argues that scientists need to have an adventurous and brave spirit to truly expand the horizons of current models and research techniques. He contrasts â€Å"Certainty† and â€Å"Uncertainty†, describing the former as â€Å"strength† and â€Å"something upon which to lean†, while distinguishing the latter as â€Å"weakness† and â€Å"mak[ing] one tentative if not fearful†.From the very onset Barry describes two very different paths that scientists are faced with in facing â€Å"certainty† and â€Å"uncertainty†. These two significant but strikingly different ideas are posed as the difference between comfort and fear, and Barry argues that scientists need to push themselves into stepping into â€Å"uncertainty† and facing the possibility of disproving their own hypothesis, or the possibility of using the wrong equipment, or even the possibility of making a crucial mistake in order to further dev elop not only science but also their own research techniques.Barry conveys his argument that scientists must overcome the obstacle of â€Å"uncertainty† and must be willing to embrace the fear that entails it through juxtaposing the two ideas of â€Å"uncertainty† and â€Å"certainty†. Through using extended metaphor and repetition to highlight the stark and intimidating conditions of conducting innovative experiments, and juxtaposition to emphasize how the difficult obstacles to overcome, Barry reasons that scientists not only need intellectual curiosity and bright wit, but also a courageous and adventurous spirit.Today education is emphasizing on spoon-feeding children; it teaches children what to think, not how to think; standardized exams pressure students into abiding by â€Å"proven† methods, and creativity and critical thinking are left in the back seat. Barry’s dissertation on the necessary qualities of a scientist indirectly but gratingly points out this flaw within the system, admonishing us that at this rate there will be a lack of â€Å"investigators† or â€Å"pioneers† in the future.

British Wildlife Essay

Outline of species along with related anatomy, handling considerations and rehabilitation, release requirements Skeletal system Although the deer’s skeletal system is very similar to a dog or cat’s in terms of its basic structure, although there are some adaptations that they require in order to survive the wild. Deer have long necks which enable them to crane it so they can feed off low lying grass and other vegetation. Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer are prey animals and so they require adaptations that enable them to run fast and this is why they are ‘ugulates’, (hoofed mammals). Ungulates walk on their ‘ungulis’ which is a tough outer plate of a hoof or toenail. When ungulates walk, their feet or digits do not come into contact with the ground but their hooves. Stefoff, R. (2007). This clever evolutionary asset is essential for speed. This is down to the biomechanics of how bodies move- the smaller the area that touches the ground with each stride, the greater the stride is which results in faster movement. Stefoff, R. (2007) Hooves are an extremely strong version of human fingernails strong enough not to break when under immense pressure i.e. when the deer is running. Stefoff, R. (2007).The strength of the hooves comes from the keratin which exists in thick sheets and keratin fibres which run in all directions Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer have a total of four toes on each foot. The middle two toes touch the ground and the outer two are elevated at the back, just above the hoof and are called dewclaws Stefoff, R. (2007). Metapodials in deer are elongated and form the lower part of the deer’s legs. In a deer, the femur and the humerus are short and thick in order to be able to anchor the large mass of muscle needed to propel them forward when running at high speed. Stefoff, R. (2007) Scent glands Seven glands are located on the body of a deer, scattered from head to toe to assist with communication amongst the herd and is how deer differentiate between one another (interspecies communication) Nickens, E. (2009). Deer scent is made up of scent glands and their urine. Stefoff, R. (2007) Deer use a technique called ‘flehmen’; this is the act of curling back their upper lip and sucking in air. This is used to detect scents from other deer. Stefoff, R. (2007) Antler growth Antler growth is an interesting area of study which provokes questioning as to why antler growth is delayed until the start of puberty and secondly, mammalian organ regeneration. Antler growth only occurs in male deer and is delayed until the start of puberty at 5 – 7 months old. No other mammal can regenerate an organ. The antlers of a 200-kg adult red deer may weigh as much 30 kg but take only 3 months to grow. Antlers are formed from pedicles; permanent bony horns on the frontal bone of the skull. Periosteal cells (Antlerogenic Periosteum) are collected in the distal parts of the cristae externae of the frontal bones. These are activated by rising androgen levels in the blood. Testosterone binds to specific sites on the AP which leads to trabecular bone being formed beneath the periosteum and a pedicle develops. There are four ossification stages in the formation of antlers in deer starting with ‘Intramembranous ossification’; this is the proliferation of antlerogenic cells and differentiation into osteoblasts. Osteoblasts form trabecular in the cellular periosteum. This then leads to ‘transitional ossification’, this initiates when pedicle reaches 5-10mm in height. Osseocartilaginous tissue is formed by the antlerogenic cells at the apical surface, which have undergone a change in differentiation pathway to form chondrocytes. The third stage is ‘pedicle endochondral ossification’ when chrondrogenesis takes place in the pedicle alone. The final ossification stage is ‘antler endochondral ossification’- antlerogenic cells maintain their chrondrogenic differentiation pathway until the very first antler has fully formed. Shiny velvet skin covering the distal end of the pedicle coincidences with antler formation. Un-branched antlers described as ‘spikers’ elongate as a result of an endochondral process in the distal tip. (Deer antlers: a zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals?) The first antler continues growing until the autumn rutting season where testosterone levels are increased once again. Cessation in longitudinal growth causes this endocrine change. Antler bone becomes fully mineralized and the overlying velvet sheds to reveal bare bone. A single unbranched antler is left attached to the pedicle until it is cast the following spring Deer antlers: a zoological curiosity or the key to understanding organ regeneration in mammals? Handling considerations The safest method of restraining/handling deer is to try to pull head to its flank, cover their head, hold the leg at the front and push the deer down onto the ground. This technique requires mastering so a well-trained person should only be allowed to do this. Deer bones are fragile so need to be cautious. Release requirements When it comes to releasing deer, a few things need to be kept in mind when choosing a location to release them. Deer need as much woodland cover as possible, especially with a male deer as they are very much territorial creatures. It is preferred to release a deer exactly where it was found. If this is not possible i.e. the deer was found in the middle of a road then it must be released no more than 1km from where it was found. Veterinary diagnosis and treatment Outline of condition, clinical signs and recommended treatment Roundworm is a condition commonly seen in deer. These are internal parasites that are found in the intestines and soak up nutrients from the animal’s diet which results in the sufferer becoming malnourished and weak because they are not getting the nutrients they require. The clinical signs of a deer with worms are very hard to detect because they are prey animals and must not show signs of weakness otherwise it would make them a target for predators. Often they won’t show any signs until they are close to death. Should they show signs they would be lethargic, losing weight, scowering (lowering their head) and producing fluid faecal matter. Deer get stressed very easily and it would be unethical to try and capture them for treatment as it would be putting the person capturing the deer at risk as well as the deer as their skeletal systems are very fragile and is liable to shatter. Deer antlers are extremely dangerous because they are strong as well as being full of bacteria; deer use their antlers to fight and they also urinate on their antlers so it could infect a human quite severely. Treatment To treat worms in deer, Ivermectin â€Å"spot on† is used and is placed on the back of the deer’s neck. It is applied at 2 week intervals and, once cleared it can then be applied monthly to prevent it recurring. Nursing requirements What are the nursing needs of this patient and condition etc Deer, ideally should be nursed in a barn or large enclosure and not kept in a veterinary practice. This is purely because they are dangerous animals and are likely to lash out or charge at humans when they feel provoked. Isolating the deer is ideal to prevent the worms passing onto other animals nearby and to avoid having to treat the others. Deer should not be isolated for too long as they can get stressed and this would not be an ethical thing to do. Discussion of legal and ethical considerations What legislation and ethical considerations are relevant Wildlife and countryside act 1981 Wildlife and natural environment (Scotland) Act 2011 References http://www.nyantler-outdoors.com/deer-anatomy.html

Cell-based Therapy For Myocardial Regeneration

Cell-based Therapy For Myocardial Regeneration ABSTRACT Myocardial infarction is one of the main cause of mortality in many countries. Therefore, an effective therapy for myocardial infarction is required. Reperfusion and other conventional therapy have been the mainstay therapy for myocardial infarction. However, many patients remain refractory to this therapy. Cell-based therapy is considered a novel therapy, in which stem cells are used for cardiac repair. Stem cells are potential therapeutic and promising option that could be the alternative solution for salvaging damaged cardiomyocyte. Based on current studies, stem cells are a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction. However, some challenges need to be answered by future studies before this novel therapy can be widely applied. This essay provides an overview of the progress in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction. INTRODUCTION The robust potential of stem cells were still a mystery, but today, we are constantly getting new information on this parti cular topic. One of the prospects of stem cell therapy is to treat damaged cardiomyocyte (Fischer, et.al, 2009; Beltrami, 2003).Acute myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in many countries. Not only this disease causes a massive socio-economic burden, but also reduces the quality of live for patients who survive the attack (Hamm, 2016). Currently, one of the mainstay therapy for myocardial infarction is rapid revascularization to limit ischaemic damage. Reperfusion and other conventional therapy have undoubtedly saved so many lives, yet there are patients remained refractory to this therapy and left with no other treatment options. In addition to that, many patients who have underwent reperfusion strategy and survived, often left with significant impairment of left ventricular systolic function. One big question remain unanswered. Is there any other treatment option for these patients? Medical therapeutic approach to reduce damaged cardiomyocyte and generate new functioning muscle is the current unmeet need. Stem cells emerge as the novel procedure to restore damaged cardiomyocytes, and this procedure is popularly known as cellular cardiomyoplasty (Pendyala, et.al, 2008; Reinlib, 2000). Many preclinical and clinical trials have documented the potential use of stem cells to generate viable cardiomyocyte and improve cardiac function (Bergmann, et.al, 2009). To date, there are many different types of adult stem cells and progenitor cells used for this procedure, some of which are bone marrow derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and so on. Since the advance of stem cells technology is faster than ever before, this essay aimed to give an evidence based update on stem cells use for myocardial infarction, what we have achieved so far, and what does the future hold for this breakthrough. CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION After an ischaemic attack due to occluded coronary vessels, heart muscle usually left damaged and nonfunctioning. However, recent evidence suggested that the cardiac muscle could actually undergo a limited amount of renewal. A prospect of inducing muscle cell to undergo division for cardiomyocyte replacement, or generating new muscle by stem cells are certainly intriguing (Roell, et.al, 2002; Santoso, et.al, 2011). Stem cells are capable to proliferate in the same state (self-renewal) and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. On the other hand, progenitor cells are more specific and have limited differentiation potential. Mechanism on how stem cells work are as follows: firstly, these stem cells need to be extracted from the source (eg. bone marrow), after that these stem cells need to be delivered to the injured area. These cells are implanted in the myocardium, and due to the nature of these cells, they would grow and differentiate/transdifferentiate into cardiomyocyte. To achieve the goal of cardiac repair, these cells should also have the ability to fuse with the surrounding tissues that their harmonious contraction increases the heart contraction. Furthermore, these newly-formed cardiomyocyte should also express the appropriate electromechanical properties required for contraction to yield a synchronous contraction (Templin, et.al, 2011; Makino, et.al, 1999).

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company law - Essay Example Rangers Ltd can proceed with the proposed alteration if Muna continues to express interest with the rival company. However, Kumar illegally helped his cousin acquire shares in the company posing a threat to the legal procedure; this is also another legal issue, which is actionable in a court of law, but it is unfortunate that mark is not aware of the issue. This is because nepotism is illegal according to the law and parties should not favour their relatives over other partners. Kumar abused his position as the managing director to promote his relatives. By telling his cousin to support his decisions, he corrupts the process of decision making for the company. This means that all decisions were in his favour but not for the well-being of the company and other shareholders. It is evident that proceedings Rangers Ltd in the have been for the interest of the Kumar as there are only three directors in the company. This is a serious offence and Kumar should as well be terminated from the company. It is evident that the two want to attain full ownership of the company under majority shares. The third shareholder is a determinant where the party he supports attain the majority opinion, which is considered in ruling out their case by voting. The majority rule favours Kumar who has the support of Mark, such a situation reduces the chances of Muna succeeding in his accusations. They should follow the procedure outlined in the business ethics. It illustrates that liaising with another company with an aim of combining shares is against the law. The initial Article of Association is significant in showing the duties and responsibilities of individual. All directors are subject to the article and thus Muna should be answerable in a court of law action as far as is actions are concerned. This adds to why the company is justified to take legal charges against Muna (Geltzer & Trainor, 2010). According to the previous case laws, the company should be the complainant and not indi vidual shareholders. Therefore, the three should all support each other in filling the case against certain decisions. This points out that the proposed alterations cannot be made until the final ruling is done. The statute in the Company’s Directors Disqualification Act of 1986 states that if the director goes against the rules of the company then disqualification is a disciplinary measure. Under the companies Act of 2006, any member is prevented by law from selling any shares from the company without an agreement from other members and shareholders. In addition, the agreement for sale or shifts of shares must be by all the members. The proper claimant principle helps in ruling a case where the company is the sole complainant. However, in this scenario, there is a tag of two members against one thus the common law that protect the minorities is enforced based on the argument presented. Some of the members’ rights have been infringed, and thus the exceptions are applic able for this case (Aiman, 2008). All occurrences must be considered to achieve a fair ruling on all parties. For the two shareholders to add clauses to the current article all members must be present to avoid fraud. This ensures that they are both heard and a base for their argument established. Muna is not justified in assuming more control for the company since he is a director and Kumar is above him as the managing director; his actions are against all ethics of company law thus should face

Activity with Viual Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Activity with Viual Aid - Essay Example I, too, waÃ'• impreÃ'•Ã'•ed when I previewed BaÃ'•ecamp'Ã'• featureÃ'• in Ð…oftware Development'Ã'• People and ProjectÃ'• NewÃ'•letter in May 2004. However, aÃ'• I've grown more familiar with BaÃ'•ecamp, I've found it hard to overlook one important detail: The application haÃ'• no way to produce a Gantt chart. Gantt chartÃ'•â€”thoÃ'•e horizontal bar chartÃ'• that Ã'•how dependencieÃ'• between taÃ'•kÃ'• and the eÃ'•timated time in which they might be completed—have been the mainÃ'•tay of project managerÃ'• ever Ã'•ince mechanical engineer Henry Gantt demonÃ'•trated in the early 1900Ã'• how one can be uÃ'•ed to track taÃ'•kÃ'•, workflow and Ã'•cheduling all at once. The Ã'•yÃ'•tem became Ã'•o popular that it'Ã'• Ã'•aid that managerÃ'• working on the Hoover Dam and the U.Ð…. interÃ'•tate highway Ã'•yÃ'•tem uÃ'•ed Gantt chartÃ'• to keep track of their projectÃ'•. Unfortunately, Gantt chart Ã'• haven't retained their popularity. Ð…ome criticÃ'• now argue that they pull a project manager'Ã'• focuÃ'• away from the project and onto perfecting pretty graphÃ'• that don't match reality. OtherÃ'• claim that the chartÃ'• are created only to pleaÃ'•e higher-upÃ'• and are therefore a diÃ'•traction to the actual project team. (ParadiÃ'•, 21-88) 37Ã'•ignalÃ'• haÃ'• contributed to the baÃ'•hing with itÃ'• BaÃ'•ecamp ManifeÃ'•to, in which it Ã'•tateÃ'• from the Ã'•tart that "ProjectÃ'• don't fail from of a lack of chartÃ'•, graphÃ'•, reportÃ'• or Ã'•tatiÃ'•ticÃ'•, they fail from a lack of communication."... Good project manager ue it to help themelve and other on the team undertand how all the given tak on a project relate to one another. And if that reult in a developer finally eeing how hi work fit into the bigger picture, or if it get a buine ponor to undertand why you can't poibly compre the chedule anymore, the chart ha done it job. (Paradi, 21-88) I upect that part of the backlah againt Gantt chart come from the fact that many project manager have trouble getting Microoft Project (the mot popular tool for creating uch chart) to do what they want it to do. The problem here i the tool, not the chart. And thi repreent a big opportunity for 37ignal. If "the interface i the product," a the company ay in it manifeto, why not build an innovative but eay-to-ue interface for creating and diplaying Gantt chart In all but the mot baic cae, Baecamp uer are already having to cope, pec and chedule tak for every project, o why not let them do it all one place-perhap even collaboratively (Paradi, 21-88) Unfortunately, 37ignal eem determined to ignore cutomer who need a charting feature. In a recent thread in a 37ignal dicuion forum, CEO Jaon Fried reponded to one cutomer requet with a tere, "We will not be adding Gantt chart, orry. It' jut not going to happen." In another thread, Fried announced that the company ha no plan to add "chart, graph, tatitic or number-laden report" to Baecamp. It' too bad, really. Thi oftware houe ha done ome amazing thing with interface and collaboration. For intance, 37ignal' Writeboard document collaboration product i o intuitive and handy that you have to wonder why no one ele built it that way to begin with. Baecamp, however-with it lack of any way to viualize the project information

How changes in technology and the emergence of a global economy might Essay

How changes in technology and the emergence of a global economy might affect college graduates seeking jobs , and what new skill - Essay Example First of all, communication across cultures is the most important skill one should possess in the global economy. It is essential in the present business world to communicate with people from various cultural backgrounds. Undoubtedly, today’s workplace is rapidly becoming vast as business spreads to new geographic locations. So, knowing how to communicate with various cultures will make business transactions and management easy. Thus, recognizing cultural differences can ensure that the business transactions are successful. In fact, people from dissimilar cultural backgrounds have different ways of communication. This may result in poor communication, and consequently in misunderstanding and frustration. In such a global business arena, it becomes necessary for management students to have good cross cultural communication skills. In fact, the consequences of poor cross-cultural communication are plenty. In the opinion of Don W. Prince et al, they are â€Å"lost confidence, lo st customers, lost business relationships, and lost opportunities† (Prince & Hoppe, 2007, p. 30). The second important skill is computer skills. One cannot think about a business in the modern day world that functions without the aid of a computer. Presently, computer is used by employees at all levels in a company.

Impact of the Economic Environment on a Success of New Enterprise in a Essay

Impact of the Economic Environment on a Success of New Enterprise in a Country - Essay Example This essay outlines the significance of correct appraisal of the international marketing environment for the successful conduct of a business in different countries in the age of globalization. Importance of healthy economic environment is considered in the essay. International marketing is faced with a variety of challenges as it is requires great strategies to achieve compatibility between different countries. This is in terms of the different needs of people in the different countries, as well as their regional differences. Different studies have shown that most international companies do not put into consideration this aspect of a country’s economy when coming up with their strategies. Such international companies still register success in their international markets, having disregarded the aspect of economic environment. This is a proof that economic environment is not the most important consideration in international marketing, as there are more important aspects. Of all the factors to be considered in appraising for international marketing, culture stands out as the most important factor. International marketing is a way of bridging between various countries and a way of profit creation. Culture is important in bridging between countries. However, economic factors also play an important role in determining the purchasing power and decisions of consumers in a country. This way, wealthy countries are the best platforms for international marketing as the purchasing power of their consumers is high. ... effective marketing strategies to counter this socio-cultural influence among countries, which believe that fitness is only important for the rich professionals and not the common man. By identifying themselves as alternatives to health, the fitness companies have managed to get an entrance into some of the countries that have this psychological attitude towards fitness. In addition, the McDonald’s Company has registered great success in different countries because of its cultural awareness in host countries. Mainly, this company adjusts its menus and diets to suit the dietary need and cultures of the people in the host countries (Francis, 2010). Apart from culture, the economic environment of countries is an important aspect for effective international marketing. This comprises a country’s GNP. GDP, as well as per capita income. These are essential in determining the power of consumer buying in a country. If these are high, it means the consumer buying power is also hi gh. Business executives interested in international marketing can therefore, use these to determine the level of a country’s economic environment, as well as its market profitability (Kaynak, 1991). The economy of a country is a great influence in international marketing, as this comprises elements that are indicators of the height of market profitability in countries. It is therefore certain that the economic environment of a country is paramount in international marketing, given the important information it provides on wealth, consumer buying power, and income level, which are important market indicators (Muhlbacher, Leihs, & Dahringer, 2006). However, different studies have shown that most international companies do not put into consideration this aspect of a country’s economy when coming up