Sexism and Misogyny in Christian Tradition - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Sexism and Misogyny in Christian Tradition. Answer: Introduction: In the Book of Genesis, Old Testament, the heavenly Garden of Eden was inhabited by the first man and woman in the world, Adam and Eve. In this story, God creates Eve from one of the ribs of Adam, the reason, to give him company, or more precisely as his companion(Hawkins 206). This creates an image of women of being a mere resource for male. Moreover, the image of the God and his son further implements the male centric views in the Old Testament (Keil et al.). Since then the depiction of women was mostly complementary to the depiction of males and in a way that suggested the female ought to follow the footsteps of males. The women are first under the authority of their father, then their husbands after marriage, and after the death of her husband, the authority shifts to the husbands brother. Such a form of subordination of women was further impressed by the fact that women bore no signs of being members of the covenant family, as their male counterparts would have through male circ umcisions. Even though the Genesis also mentions that both men and women were created in the image of God, but since it also tells about God creating Adam first in his own image, puts males in a superior image than the females, in this context (Zevit 33). The book of Genesis further befouls the feminine image by saying that it was the women who brought disobedience in the world (Wold 330). There are many other accounts where women have been objectified and considered as a commodity. In Sam 20:30, Saul curses Jonathan as a son of perverse rebellious woman. This statement underlined the ideology that a foolish son is a dishonor for the mother, and not the father (Mechon-mamre.org). Another example where women have been objectified can be found in the story of Lot, who gave his two daughters to two complete strangers, in order to persuade them not to engage in any homosexual act with the people outside (Simons 210). Such negative views of women in the Old Testament consequently justifi ed and even warranted the routine subjugation of women. And the subjugation later spiraled into atrocities, as the societies built on the beliefs of the Old Testament, became patriarchal. Christianity adopted these beliefs from the Old Testament, and has established many of these beliefs as social constructs (Bishop). One significant social construct that still exist any several countries that has its root in the Old Testament, is the identification of the woman, first as a part of her fathers family, and then as a part of her husbands family after her marriage, which is symbolized by the change in the family name of the wife (Modise). During the medieval period, the status of women however started changing with the stories of extraordinary women achieving extraordinary fame and support, and consequently acquiring important positions. However, for the majority, the roles of women were still restricted to the predefines roles, and the women still suffered continued misery of domestic violence, subjugation and abuse. It can be understood how such atrocities could have influence from the scriptures (Modise; Ruether 90). Homosexuality, Early Christianity and the Medieval Age The Old Testament repeatedly warns all followers against homosexuality. Leviticus 18,20 prohibits homosexual acts as an abomination(Willmington). The book further suggests that those who commit such abomination should be put to death, and the responsibility will solely be on them. This has been one of the most significant code of conduct that has been used to implement prohibitions against homosexuality. The story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the book of Genesis clearly explains that homosexuality is a sin, the punishment for which is the wrath of God and complete annihilation. In fact, the story and its influence go so deep, that the word sodomy itself evolved from the word Sodom. Even in the New Testament, homosexuality is not spared, and it continued the process of criminalization of homosexuality. Book of Romans 1:26 considers it an act which is against the nature as well as a deviation from the natural use of women. This clearly implies both a homophobic as well as misogynistic. In the Cornithians 6:9, it is mentioned that unrighteous shall not inherit the gods holy kingdom. In this context, the unrighteous were those committing adultery, fornication, or homosexual acts, as well as drunkards, effeminates, or extortionist. This clearly indicts homosexuality as a sin so grave that one gets deprived of peace after death. It can be understandable why such a grave warning was taken very seriously by many. Even the teachings of Jesus Christ assumed the institute of marriage to be applicable only for a relation between a man and a woman, and do not say anything about marriage of homosexual couples. For a character, who preached against many of the teachings of the Old Testament, not opposing the homophobic ideologies was a major sign that the New Testament also endorsed the same anti homosexual beliefs as its older version (Jackson 87; Barton). In the Medieval period, the persecution of homosexuals reached its peak, and its codes were directly influenced by the scriptures of the old and new testaments, directly condemning homosexuality (Boswell). Homosexuality became a sin as grave as Satanism, during the early 14th century. During this time several people were criminalized and prosecuted for homosexual activities. Commonly given punishment were long acts of penance for first time offenders, and for repeated offenders the punishments became increasing harsher, like castration and even death on the third offence (McNeil). This clearly showed how the religious beliefs were used to justify the prosecution of homosexuals in that period. Gender, Islam and the status of women in the Middle East: In Islam, the ideologies of the Old Testament can be reflected in many of its teachings. The Quran also preaches of the one God, and his messenger. In all the accounts, the messenger is shown as a man (Moses, Christ, Mohammad). This helped to solidify the social position of the males, above that of the females (Fatemi 95). The Quran upholds the superiority of men, deeming women to be inferior, and considering women as a mans belonging. This clearly showed how the systematic objectification of the female gender was implicated by these Judaic religions. The scriptures further states that apart from the fact that a woman can be a mans property or bounty, a man can also be the owner of many properties. This clearly puts in place a male dominated structure, with a single male at the centre. The qualities of a righteous woman, in the Quran have been that of a docile, obedient and quiet individual, who would seldom complain even in the face of adversities. On the other hand, the scriptures prescribe punishment for women who would have a rebellious nature (Shaikh). The importance of women in the Quran is also further depreciated by the fact that in financial and legal matters, the woman only has only half the rights as that of a man. It clearly demonstrates, that gender equality was not a concern in the Quran, and it fostered the male centric view of the society (Fatemi). The tradition of women being identified by their male family members continued unabated through the ages, supported by the early Judaic scriptures and also in Quran. Many other accounts can be found all over the scriptures that objectify and demote the position of women in our society. The consideration that a woman can earn the grace of the God by being obedient of the husband, clearly puts women in a subordinate position, and prevents the possibility of true equality of rights (Ahmad et al). Moreover, stories like that of the 72 virgins in heaven for the martyrs of god clearly showed how women were considered as sexual objects, whose primary purpose was procreation of their children. If such an oppressive view was not enough, the view of women were further marred by the consideration that women are a distraction for men from performing their duties, and they can bring about the downfall of a community. This places a deep seated sense of mistrust towards the female gender, and a biased view regarding their role in the society. The scriptures forbid women to be given any authority in the society, apart from their roles as mothers and wives and serve as merely extensions of men. The concept of Hijab (or the religious dress code in Islam for women, which covers them head to toe), can be attributed to such ideologies. The importance of the overalls is so important in Islam, that a woman without a veil is considered nothing more than being naked, and therefore is directly against the teachings of Islam. In the Middle East, the position of women is still being subjugated by male domi nation. In Saudi Arabia, women are still not permitted to drive and cannot travel alone without a male companion (even be it a male toddler). Strong moral policing still exists that actively dissuades its citizens not to forget their traditional hijab when in public places. These inequalities against women have been systematically justified thought history by the citing the teachings of Prophet Muhammad and the scriptures of the Quran (Rita 340; Hodge 243). The status of Homosexuality saw no improvement in the Quran, than it did in the Old Testament. Islam incorporates many of the stories from the Old Testament, including the story of the Sodomy and Gomorrah, acting as a warning against the act of homosexuality, stating that such act shall be punished by the God. The scriptures further prescribe death by stoning for the homosexuals and adulterers. The scripture makes it clear those homosexuals, apostates, adulterers all are sinners in equal capacities, and are condemned to eternal suffering in the hereafter, even after being punished with brutal death (Dejong 339). Death penalty for homosexuality still exists for many Islamic countries around the world. In Uganda, Iran and UAE, and homophobic sentiments are further made strong by the Islamic Fundamentalist ideologies. Extremist groups like the ISIS directly quotes teachings from the Quran, which criminalizes homosexuality, and uses that to condemn anyone suspected of being homosexual to death. This systematic oppression of homosexuals is not uncommon in most of the Islamic countries around the world, evidently showing a pattern of intolerance propagated through the religious beliefs against this community (Hamdi et al. 688; Zuhur et al 29; Alipour 1930). References: Ahmad, Naveed, Hurmat Sumaiya Binti Bashir, and Yousfi Karima. "Status of Women in Islam: A Perspective." (2015). Alipour, M. "Essentialism and Islamic Theology of Homosexuality: A Critical Reflection on an Essentialist Epistemology toward Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam."Journal of homosexuality64.14 (2017): 1930-1942. Barton, John. "The Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament."The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Companion(2016): 1. Bishop, Heather. "Bone of My Bones and Flesh of My Flesh: A Feminist Analysis of Christianity, Evolutionary Theory, and the Provenance of Patriarchy."Dialogue Nexus3.1 (2016): 4. Boswell, John.Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: Gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century. University of Chicago Press, 2015. DeJong, Christina, and Eric Long. "The death penalty as genocide: The persecution of homosexuals in Uganda."Handbook of LGBT communities, crime, and justice. Springer, New York, NY, 2014. 339-362. Fatemi, Sayyed Mohsen. "Women in the Holy Quran."Feminism and Religion: How Faiths View Women and Their Rights: How Faiths View Women and Their Rights(2016): 95. Fatemi, Sayyed Mohsen. "Women in the Holy Quran."Feminism and Religion: How Faiths View Women and Their Rights: How Faiths View Women and Their Rights(2016): 95. Hamdi, Nassim, Monia Lachheb, and Eric Anderson. "Masculinity, homosexuality and sport in an Islamic state of increasing homohysteria."Journal of Gender Studies26.6 (2017): 688-701. Hawkins, Ralph K. "Book Review: What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden?." (2016): 206-208. Keil, Carl Friedrich, and Franz Delitzsch.Commentary on the Old Testament. Titus Books, 2014. McNeill, John J.The church and the homosexual. Beacon Press, 2015. Mechon-mamre.org. "1 Samuel 20 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre".Mechon-Mamre.Org, 2018, https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08a20.htm. Accessed 4 Apr 2018. Modise, Leepo, and Hannelie Wood. "The relevance of the metaphor of God as Father in a democratic, non-sexist and religious society: An African Christian perspective."Stellenbosch Theological Journal2.1 (2016): 285-304. References: Rita, Afroza Akter. "Assertion of Wearing Hijab in the Community: an Analysis."American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)29.1 (2017): 340-347. Ruether, Rosemary Radford. "Sexism and misogyny in the Christian tradition: Liberating alternatives."Buddhist-Christian Studies34.1 (2014): 83-94. Shaikh, Abdul Ghani. "WOMANS SOCIAL RIGHTS IN ISLAM: AN EVALUATION OF EQUALITY OF RIGHTS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN."Grassroots49.1 (2015). Simons, Patricia. "Desire After Disaster: Lot and His Daughters."Disaster, Death and the Emotions in the Shadow of the Apocalypse, 14001700. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016. 201-223. Willmington, Harold. "Leviticus at a Glance." (2017). Winer, Rebecca Lynn.Women, Wealth, and Community in Perpignan, c. 12501300: Christians, Jews, and Enslaved Muslims in a Medieval Mediterranean Town. Routledge, 2017. Wold, Benjamin. "Genesis 23 in Early Christian Tradition and 4QInstruction."Dead Sea Discoveries23.3 (2016): 329-346. Zevit, Ziony. "Was Eve Made from Adams Ribor His Baculum?."Biblical Archaeology Review41.5 (2015): 33-35. Zuhur, Sherifa. "Criminal law, women and sexuality in the Middle East."Deconstructing sexuality in the Middle East. Routledge, 2016. 29-52.

Dominos Leadership Business Development Program Free Sample

Question: Describe about advance diploma of business management in Dominos? Answer: Introduction: Dominos a very well known company in all over the world and is leading in pizza delivery and also in take away business. Its a quick server in the food and beverages industry. Dominos operates in 56 countries. Dominos tries to match themselves with the taste and flavor of the respective countries (Cornforth, Pioneering, E. V. O. L. U. T. I. O. N. 2014). Vision of Dominos Becoming the best operator in pizza delivery system with best workforce. Ranking number one in pizza. Ranking number one in people. Mission of Dominos The global chain of pizza delivery is being maintained with high standards and also providing the customer with excellent products and services. Best Pizzas are being served by extraordinary people. Have fun and sell more pizza. Values of Dominos Treat and respect people as you want to be treated. Produce the best product but in less quantity. Measure, control and share what is most important. The organization always goes for long term prospects. Look into the matters where there is need to change. Set the organizations limit high so that many things can be known. Promotion within the company. Objectives of Dominos SMART Analysis of Dominos To achieve the vision the company has to go through the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time Bound) analysis. Without this vision it will be really difficult for the company to retain their position in the market (He, Zha, Li,2013). The first strategic objective of the company would be to effectively communicate the visions all the levels in the hierarchical structure of the management. Employees working in Dominos need to involve themselves in achieving the vision of the company. The clear vision of Dominos is to be in the number one position and this need to be communicated well to everyone. The other strategic objective is to achieve the vision a company needs to access them by achieving the objectives. Dominos is planning to open outlets in countries like Belgium, France etc by calculating the approximate number of customers and what will be there turnover in the coming 5 years. Another objective is to know that what the company is trying to obtain and is it easily achievable or not. Impractical goals take the company downwards instead of taking them towards their vision. The growth of the previous 5 years can easily suggest that whether the vision is really achievable or not. The strategic objective for an organization is to know their resources so that they can easily achieve for that they are aiming. The capital, human resources technologies and materials are the resources which makes the vision in real. Dominos has built in a required amount of capital and human resources from their business expansion and the IT department has become technologically updated. Lastly the strategic objective is to know time limit. So that the activities involved in this are done in a positive manner and 5 years is a reasonable time period for Dominos in the current market situation. External Environment Analysis Dominos operates in a free competition environment. There are many companies who are delivering the same products and services. So there is the competition for attracting the customers. There is competition regarding the raw materials, employee etc. To make their employees stay Dominos has offered different pay packages to them. Dominos treat their suppliers in the same way only. These steps taken by Dominos are crucial to stay in the market and dealing with their competitors (Chou, Ding, Chang, Wong, Lin, Wang, Chang, 2013). Internal Environment Analysis Dominos Pizza delivers their pizza in several countries. It had gained its status and it is an advantage for them for their upcoming outlets. Dominos monitor their stores and maintain the quality of their products. They easily understand their customer needs and act accordingly and satisfy them. In Dominos the employees works as team and try to achieve their targets keeping their standards intact (Ba urov Ponechal, 2013). SWOT Analysis of Dominos Pizza By SWOT analysis, the strength, opportunities, weakness and threats can be easily identified. The strength and weakness are the internal factors and opportunities and threats are the external factors (Salzano, Antonionib, Landuccic, Cozzanib, 2013). Strength and weakness helps an organization to analyze deficiencies and improve them where it is required. Opportunities and threats focus on the external condition i.e. their environmental conditions and analyze their competitors. Figure-1 SWOT Analysis In the figure it is seen that the organization Dominos Pizza has been divided into four quadrants. Dominos Pizza holds an important position in the food and beverages sector, so they can cope with any situations be it internally and externally and Dominos can take almost all the opportunities of the coming future and also can reduce their threats on their performances so that they can take action according to the competition of the markets. Dominos does not have any specific weakness but there is deficiency in target market of organic pizza because of its shortfall and it has become a issue in the recent days. Therefore, Dominos should mainly focus on less calorie food items and also in those food items which have low carbohydrates which will help in increase their sells (Groeneveld, Wesseler Berentsen, 2013). PEST Analysis Wherever Dominos open their outlets they keep the culture and taste in their mind of that country and place. PEST (Political, Economical, Social and Technological) analysis helps in understanding the political social scenario of the respective country where the new outlet will be opened (Strauss, 2010). Political Factors- For planning, the strategy in a definite market political factor plays an important role. The policies of the government play an important role in the organization growths according to their priorities and also by supporting in their business. The Union policies also regulate that what type of goods and services Dominos is providing and whether it will affect the health and safety of the customers or not. Economical Factors- In the organizations operational section the economic factors play an important role. The inflation, taxation affects in the operation of Dominos. Social Factor- Whether the products are being prepared within the proper range and giving proper services are seen under the socio cultural factors. The culture and lifestyle of Australia is totally different from the European market and it decides that whether the product is ready to be served in the market or not. Technological Factors- The development and usage of the technology of a particular market decides the marketing plan and develop their products accordingly. The technologies of Dominos are used worldwide and it is easily achievable (Sperandio, Robin, Girard, 2014). Competitor Analysis Both internationally and domestically Dominos has many competitors. Few of them are- Mc Donalds, Pizza Hut etc. McDonalds is worldwide famous in the food and beverages sector. Its brand image plays an important role specially its logo in the customers mind. But it has numerous legal issues (Salzano, Cozzani, 2012). Pizza Hut is another giant franchisee in pizza sector. It is mainly specialized in the making of pizza. Pizza Hut mainly focus on the health of the customers so they have launched different types of salads and pastas. Pizza Hut is the main competitor of Dominos (Villani, 2013). Strategic Action Table Strategies Actions Person Responsible Time Frame Communication with the hierarchical structure of the management Plans should be communicated so that the work is done accordingly. HR People. 3 months. Opening New Outlets in different Countries. To attract the customers of those countries and preparing the customer base. Marketing Manager. 6 months. Resources Used for achieving the vision The resources are used are really helpful for achieving the vision. HR and Finance Managers. 2-3 months. Engaging efficient employees Within the specific time limit the goals need to be achieved. All the employees in the organization 3 months. References Ba urov, S., Ponechal, R. (2013) The Comparative Analysis of External Walls in a Passive House with Respect to Environment and Energy.AMR,649, 258-261. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.258 Chou, C. C., Ding, J. F., Chang, T. M., Wong, C. P., Lin, W. C., Wang, C. Y., ... Chang, K. E. (2013). Operation management of port logistics in the global supply chainAdvanced Materials Research,706, 2087-2090 Cornforth, O. J., Pioneering, E. V. O. L. U. T. I. O. N. (2014) Make supply chains climate-smart.NATURE,506 Groeneveld, R., Wesseler, J., Berentsen, P (2013) Dominos in the dairy: An analysis of transgenic maize in Dutch dairy farming.Ecological Economics,86, 107-116. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.011 He, W., Zha, S, Li, L (2013) Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study in the pizza industry.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), 464-472 Salzano, E., Cozzani, V. (2012) Introducing External Hazard Factors in Quantitative Risk AnalysisRevista de Ingeniera, (37), 50-56 Salzano, E., Antonionib, G., Landuccic, G., Cozzanib, V. (2013) Domino effects related to explosions in the framework of land use planning.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,31 Sperandio, S., Robin, V., Girard, P. (2014) Management of risk caused by domino effect resulting from design system dysfunctionsSafety, Reliability and Risk Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications (4 Volumes+ CD-ROM), 331. Strauss, G. (2010). Pest risk analysis of Metcalfa pruinosa in Austria.J Pest Sci,83(4), 381-390. Doi 10.1007/s10340-010-0308-3 Villani, G. (2013). Valuation of RD Investment Opportunities with the Threat of Competitors Entry in Real Option AnalysisComput Econ,43(3), 331-355. doi:10.1007/s10614-013-9370-2

Why I Want to Transfer Essay Samples?

Why I Want to Transfer Essay Samples?With an internet connection, the many reasons for wanting to transfer essays can be done with ease. However, it is important to note that many times these are written in English.In spite of this, English is becoming the preferred language among many students of the US and other English speaking countries. It is important to point out that most all things taken for granted, as well as the things such as grades, may be affected by the reasons for wanting to transfer essay samples. Students in the US have worked hard to learn English, and when it comes to writing essays for admission into a college or university, they have to adapt.A very important thing is for students to realize that a transfer needs to be done if a grade is to be given for an essay. This is because there are many things which affect an essay, and each will affect a grade. The reasons for wanting to transfer can vary from one person to another, but often they will center on the fac t that the essay samples were not read through by an English speaking person.Studies have shown that when there is a language barrier, many essays will be written in the first person, instead of the third person. There may also be an example sentence that is misinterpreted, or the essay becomes biased. When it comes to English, the rules of grammar, and English structure are not so much flexible as they are rigid, and so it is important to take that into consideration when writing an essay.Grammar in writing is a more important element in an essay, and most importantly, it is the first aspect of English grammar to be learned. Therefore, a student needs to understand and master it before beginning to write essays for purposes of testing.Because English is so fluid, people who do not understand the language will have a hard time understanding what is being said, and the English for that matter. It is important to note that the written work of the essay will be accepted or rejected for admission into a college or university, and for this reason it is very important to understand the English structure, and grammar. For this reason, a good tutor can be extremely helpful.Another great reason for wanting to transfer essays is that writing them can often make a student feel better about himself. So often they find that a transfer will make their essays stand out, which is a good thing, in many ways.

Water Pollution Sources, Effects and Control

Introduction Water is a most important commodity in human life and it is actually used in almost every aspect of human life besides the fact that it supports the entire ecosystem. It is used in drinking, cooking, washing and on top of that, it is important in industries where it is used for various purposes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Water Pollution Sources, Effects and Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unfortunately, not all the users of water are responsible to ensure that proper disposal or treatment of the used water is done before the water is returned to the water bodies. Due to the multiple uses of water, there is a possibility that contaminated water may find its way into the ecosystem and therefore causes harmful results to both human beings and animals in the society. It is in this plight that many people and organizations have endeavored to study in detail the various effects that water pollution may have to the society and how the causes of this pollution can be controlled. Sources of Water Pollution It is difficult for one to discuss the effects of water pollution without understanding what water pollution is and the causes of water pollution (Calow 258). Water pollution may be defined as the contamination of water bodies with substances that do not allow the water to be safe for human use or makes the water unable to support the living organisms that depend on water for their survival (Hill 110). There are several causes of water pollution ranging from the day to day activities that human beings carry out to large scale industrial operations. These causes can also be divided into two groups those which are direct causes and the indirect causes which can be linked to water pollution through a chain of activities. Water pollution causes can also be sub divided into point source and non point source group depending on whether the source of the pollution is f rom a single and relatively easy to identify source or from a multiple interrelated sources. Water pollutants can decrease the quantity of oxygen in the water body or even change the water composition of the water (Merchant 319). To begin with, presence of pathogens in water can cause the water quality to drastically reduce to the extent of being unable to support the marine life. Pathogens are known to be harmful to human being especially if the water that contains them is used for drinking.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though there are other causes of pathogens that are present in water, the ineffective sewerage system is one of the major causes of this. Untreated or semi treated sewerage system mostly finds its way into water bodies thus, contaminating the water (Hill 113). The problem of sewerage system is more pronounced in the third world countries howeve r, it is also present in developed countries where the sewerage pipes might have leakages. Manufacturing industries usually use water for cleaning and cooling purposes among other uses. Unfortunately, in many cases the process of water treatment before disposing it off to water bodies by these firms is not that efficient and water that contains harmful chemical substances finds its way into the water bodies. Some of the chemical substances that are found in this water include oxygen demanding organic toxins like fats and grease besides the hydrocarbons from petroleum, industrial solvents, lubricants and other fuel by products which are highly used in industries and even in motor vehicles (Chiras 314). Substances used by people for their day to day activities such as the detergents, cosmetics and even water disinfectants produce by products which contribute to water pollution. There are also some inorganic substances that are emitted by human activities into water bodies consequently causing water pollution. Chemical waste products from industries, farming and other activities where chemicals are highly used form the bulky of this cause (Sengar 145). On top of that, surface run off can also collect the chemicals that are not properly disposed from various parts and take them to rivers and other water bodies where these chemicals are deposited causing a change in water PH among other effects. The change in the physical properties of water is also pollution since it interferes with how water can be used and the marine life. The increase and decrease of water temperature causes interference in the composition of water sometimes eliminating essential components (Chiras 521). Industries always tend to be located close to large water bodies and they use water as a coolant and dispose this water back into the water bodies thus, leading to high temperature variations. The emission to the atmosphere from industries, motor vehicles and even from domestic use also cause w ater pollution by combining with rain water hence, forming acidic rain which falls back to the ground causing harmful effects to both plant and animals especially the marine organisms (Jensen and Steven 88). On the same note, the chemical compounds that mix with rain water are also harmful to human being and have been known to cause various disease and even deaths. Effects of Pollution Pollution has far reaching effects both in the developed world where control measure have been highly effective and in the developing world where little has been done to curb the effects of pollution. It is paramount to note that, water pollution still is the cause of very many deaths in the world either directly or indirectly despite the efforts being made towards reducing the effects of pollution (Miller and Scott 91).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Water Pollution Sources, Effects and Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firstly, marine life comes under great threat of survival the moment water is polluted because then it means their ecological unit is affected. Once water is polluted marine animals are unable to get food from the water or they take poisonous food substances which causes death to marine animals. Additionally, the inorganic deposits that find their way into water bodies sometimes float on the surface of water hindering free flow of oxygen thus, reducing the survival chances of marine organisms (Calow 334). On the same note, the oxygen demanding substances that are released into water bodies by factories or homesteads reduce the amount of oxygen in water therefore, causing death of marine organisms. Chemicals that are present in polluted can cause various effects to human beings. If contaminated water is used for bath taking, the chemicals present can enter in the body of a person through the open pores and cause serious health implications. On top of that, drinking of contami nated water or using it for cooking or any other domestic purposes exposes one to the danger of consuming the dangerous chemicals which besides causing heath implication can also cause death (Copeland 219). There have been cases where people have been reported to have suffered from various diseases including cancer, mental health problems, birth defects and central nervous systems and these conditions have been related to water pollution. Additionally, water pollution hardens water making it ineffective in washing thus, causing the community to increase their spending since they have to buy water softeners or they use a lot of soap than they could have used if the water was soft (Sengar 145). Another serious effect of water pollution is that it causes poisonous substances to enter into the ecosystem. Poisonous substances in water are consumed by the minute sea organisms which are then consumed by fish. This process sometimes causes death of fish and other sea animals (Miller and Sco tt 105). If these animals are lucky to escape death, sometimes they are not lucky to escape the fisherman’s bait and thus, find their ways into people’s table as sea food. Poisonous sea food causes various health problems to human beings including death. In this light, water pollution causes great disruption of the ecosystem distorting the natural ecological balance and leading to a series of problems. In conjunction with that, water contamination results in the presence of chemical compounds that sometimes the body system is unable to deal with. Nitrates from fertilizers when consumed by infants, aging and pregnant women are known to cause adverse health effects. Infants’ body is unable to detoxify these chemical compounds and end up suffering from blue baby syndrome where their blood is unable to efficiently carry oxygen around the body thus causing death (Merchant 237).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the same point, chemicals present in hard water can be deposited in the water pipes and after a long period of time they end up blocking and causing corrosion of these pipes hence interfering with the normal water supply. Furthermore, water that passes through corrode water pipes contains toxic substances which are harmful to human beings and other animals. Polluted water also allows toxic plants to thrive in them which in the end cause effects to human beings and sea animals. The toxins produced by the algae that thrive in polluted water are poisonous substances that poison marine organisms thus, interfering with the marine ecosystem (Copeland 233). These algae also can cause illness to human being in the long run if people end up consuming the poisoned sea food or if the water that is infested by the poisonous algae is used for domestic purposes. It is also important to point out that these algae sometimes end up blocking the gills of fish in the water thus, interfering with th e oxygen transport in these animals sometimes causing death. On the same note, at death these algae are deposited to the bottom of water bodies where during decomposition oxygen from the water is used up thus, rendering the water inhabitable (Jensen and Steven 291). In the long run though some organisms are able to change their point of occupancy to higher levels where they can get oxygen, small and micro organisms which are not able to move suffer the consequences and lose their lives. Due to the pollution of water that causes death and diseases of various marine animals, the ecological system of rivers and oceans have been affected greatly. When certain animals and plants die, other animals miss food and they are also unable to survive. Due to the imbalance that results from the disturbance of the natural way of dependency among living things in the water, the water bodies become unable to support to the full the diversity of living things by decreasing the factors of their surviv al (Calow 439). It has also been reported that rain water has long run effects on the vegetation since the water contains toxic substances which when accumulate over a long period of time cause vegetation to dry up and these has led to high rate of deforestation in the world. Since forests support wildlife destruction of forests means that wildlife is jeopardized and this can lead to extinction of several animals. On top of that, there are many human water borne diseases that are even more pronounced when the quality of water is questionable. These diseases have been known to cause a lot of deaths in the world especially in the developing countries where water treating system is not up to standard (Merchant 110). Though in the developed countries like the US success has been recorded in the efforts of reducing water borne diseases, cases are still reported of people who suffer from the same diseases. These diseases not only cause economical constraints to the citizens who have to di g dip into their pockets to secure medication but also to the state which has to provide health care to the people. Furthermore, there is evidence that certain chemicals that are present in contaminated water do disrupt the functioning of animal hormones therefore, altering the normal way of live of these animals. The hormonal disruptions that occur due to consumption of these chemicals can cause reduced immune response in animals, abnormal mating and parent behavior besides causing inability to breed in these animals therefore threatening the continuity of certain animal species (Chiras 114). These chemicals are mostly contained in sewerage waste products that end up in water bodies as it has been the case in southern California coast where there has been an upspring of intersex fish. Human beings are also not spared from the effects of these hormone-disrupting chemicals and the result has been decreased fertility, reduced immune function and increase in some type of chronic diseas es. On top of that, mercury which is another major cause of water pollution has dire effects on the live of animals. Research has shown that mercury can cause brain damage in young children, learning deficits and delayed or incomplete brain development as well as brain damage while adults exhibit problems of the central nervous system, heart complications and even death due to consumption of mercury. Nevertheless, still more needs to be done in understanding the exact effects of water pollution to the environment and animals for that matter. It is also important to note that, the effects of petroleum pollution are not yet recorded with certainty and therefore scientific research is essential to enhance understanding of these effects. Control of Pollution Water pollution and any other kind of pollution for that matter can easily be controlled and even eliminated with the right efforts and mechanisms. Pollution control comes with some kind of social and economical costs but helps to p revent what could otherwise be a long term disaster. By being responsible and trying to minimize the activities that cause pollution or properly dispose any waste material that is toxic or that can cause harm to human beings and the environment. The most contributing factor to water pollution is the sewerage system which can easily be taken care of through proper treatment of the sewer before allowing the same into water bodies. While most of the cities in the US have put in place good sewerage treatment procedures only 90% of the pollutants can be eliminated which means that m ore still is yet to be done (Miller and Scott 310). Despite the advanced treatment process through the secondary treatment and the subsystems that treat nutrients and pathogens, there are no mechanisms of eliminating the toxic substances that are found in the sewerage system. On the same note, the industrial waste should also be treated correctly to avoid chemical substances getting into the water system. The industries can put in place treatment measures that can help in the reduction of toxic substances before emptying the waste water into the council treatment centers. At the same time is should be a requirement that all industries that produce huge quantities of waste products to have their own complete treatment systems that take care of all the chemical substances which are available in their waste water (Hill 115). Additionally, industries that use a lot of water for cooling services can make their own dams where they can be channeling the hot water for cooling before they release the water to rivers and seas. Use of chemicals in farming has gained a lot of emphasis in US due to the good returns that are associated with the use of fertilizers and agro-chemicals. In this respect, erosion washes chemicals from the surface to water bodies forming the greatest danger of pollution. Therefore, proper agricultural practices should be used to control erosion which is the major cause of s urface run off. Crop mulching, crop rotation, afforestation mixed cropping and agro forestry as well as installation of riparian buffers will go a long way in preventing soil erosion (Copeland 227). On the same note, the management of the amount of nutrients that are applied in farms is important in ensuring that excess nitrogen and phosphorus are controlled. Furthermore, safety of our lives begins with our efforts to ensure that our environment is clean and that whatever we take is not dangerous to our health. Therefore, right from the homesteads people should exercise due care in ensuring that all waste material are properly disposed (Jensen and Steven 165). People should try as much as possible to ensure that what they use in the houses are non-toxic and they are also disposed properly in away that this substances will not get their way into the sewerage system. On top of that, those substances and commodities that are non-degradable should not be disposed in a manner that they w ill end up in the sewerage system because they will hinder the treatment of the sewer. Self restraint should be exercised by people to reduce or completely eliminate the littering of water bodies, while at the same time people should be encouraged to use products that do not pose a threat to the environment. Conclusion Water is a very important resource that is used in every sector of the economy besides supporting life of every living thing. Unfortunately, this important resource is prone to very many kinds of pollution which makes it a threat to the very lives that it is supposed to protect. Furthermore, water pollution has far reaching effects that end up touching almost every aspect of the ecosystem. It is therefore, paramount that efforts are made towards reducing water pollution because it is possible to eliminate water pollution hence boosting health of the whole society. Works Cited Calow, Peter P. Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, 2009. Print. Chiras, Daniel D. Environmental Science. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2009. Print. Copeland, Claudia. Water Pollution Issues and Development. New York: Nova Publishers, 2008. Print. Hill, Marquita K. Understanding Environmental Pollution. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 2010. Print. Jensen, Clayne R. and Steven Guthrie. Outdoor Recreation in America. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 2006. Print. Merchant, Carolyn. American Environmental History: An Introduction. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Print. Miller, Tyler G. and Scott Spoolman. Environmental Science. Stanford: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Sengar, Dharmendra S. Environmental Law. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2007. Print. This research paper on Water Pollution Sources, Effects and Control was written and submitted by user Camilo Graves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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